2. Tube bundle: composed of many stainless steel tubes, hot fluid and cold fluid exchange heat inside and outside the tube.
3. Tube sheet: used to fix the tube bundle and connect the tube to the shell.
4. Head: located at both ends of the shell, closing the shell and providing an interface for connecting the pipeline.
5. Baffle: installed in the shell to change the flow direction of the fluid, enhance turbulence and improve heat transfer efficiency.
The working principle of fixed tube sheet heat exchanger is based on heat conduction and convection heat transfer:
1. The hot fluid flows in the tube and transfers the heat it carries through the tube wall.
2. The cold fluid flows outside the tube, absorbs heat from the tube wall, and increases the temperature of the cold fluid.
3. The tube wall acts as a medium for heat exchange, transferring heat from the hot fluid to the cold fluid.
Features of fixed tube sheet heat exchanger
1. Corrosion resistance: Stainless steel material has good corrosion resistance and is suitable for a variety of chemical media.
2. High temperature and high pressure resistance: Suitable for high temperature and high pressure working environment.
3. Easy to clean and maintain: The tube bundle can be disassembled for easy cleaning and maintenance.
4. High heat transfer efficiency: Due to the turbulent flow of the fluid inside and outside the tube, the heat transfer efficiency is high.
5. Compact structure: Small size, small footprint, suitable for occasions with limited space.
6. Easy installation: Modular design, easy installation and disassembly.
7. Not easy to scale: The inner wall is smooth, reducing the possibility of scaling.
Construction of Fixed Tube Sheet Heat Exchanger
1. Shell: The outer casing of the heat exchanger that houses the tube bundle and contains the shell side fluid. The shell is typically made of high-strength materials to withstand the pressure and temperature conditions of the operating environment.
2. Tube Sheets: These are flat plates at both ends of the shell that support and fix the tubes. The tubes are permanently welded or brazed to the tube sheets, creating a fixed assembly. The tube sheets also serve as sealing surfaces for the pressure-tight joints.
3. Tube Bundle: A collection of tubes arranged in parallel within the shell. The tubes are typically made of materials such as stainless steel, titanium, or copper alloys, depending on the operating conditions and fluid compatibility.
4. Baffles and Supports: Baffles are used to support the tube bundle and to direct the flow of shell side fluid, enhancing heat transfer efficiency. Supports, on the other hand, help to maintain the structural integrity of the tube bundle and prevent it from vibrating or moving during operation.
5. Nozzles and Connections: Nozzles are provided for the inlet and outlet of both the tube side and shell side fluids. These nozzles are connected to piping systems via threaded, flanged, or welded connections, depending on the application requirements.
6. Seals and Gaskets: Seals and gaskets are crucial for maintaining pressure tightness and preventing fluid leakage. They are typically made of materials that can withstand the operating temperatures and pressures.
7. Insulation and Jacketing: Insulation materials are often applied to the shell and nozzles to reduce heat loss and improve energy efficiency. Jacketing, which encloses the insulation, provides protection and enhances the aesthetic appearance of the exchanger.
Application fields of fixed tube sheet heat exchanger
1. Petrochemical: used for heating, cooling, condensation and evaporation processes.
2. Food industry: used for heating and cooling of products such as milk, juice, beer.
3. Pharmaceutical industry: used for heat exchange in product synthesis and preparation processes.
4. Energy industry: used for heat recovery and heat exchange in power generation processes.
5. Environmental protection field: used for heat recovery in wastewater treatment and waste gas treatment.
6. Heating and air conditioning system: used for the exchange of hot and cold
water to provide heating and cooling.
Design Considerations for Fixed Tube Sheet Heat Exchanger
1. Operating Conditions: The design must accommodate the specific operating conditions, including temperature, pressure, and fluid properties. This ensures that the exchanger can handle the intended duty without failing.
2. Material Selection: The choice of materials for the shell, tubes, tube sheets, and other components is crucial. Materials must be compatible with the process fluids, capable of withstanding the operating temperatures and pressures, and resistant to corrosion and erosion.
3. Tube Configuration: The number, size, and arrangement of the tubes affect the heat transfer efficiency and pressure drop. The design should aim to maximize heat transfer while minimizing pressure loss.
4. Shell Side Flow Arrangement: The flow arrangement of the shell side fluid can significantly impact heat transfer performance. Options include longitudinal baffles, helical baffles, and segmented baffles, each offering different advantages in terms of efficiency and pressure drop.
5. Tube Sheet Design: The design of the tube sheets must ensure that the tubes are securely fixed and that the pressure-tight joints are effective. This includes considerations for welding techniques, tube hole diameters, and tube-to-tube sheet joint configurations.
6. Thermal Stress Management: Fixed tube sheet exchangers are prone to thermal stresses due to the differential expansion of the shell and tube bundle. The design must incorporate measures to mitigate these stresses, such as stress relief holes, bellows, or sliding plate joints.
7. Maintenance Access: While the tubes are fixed, access for maintenance of the shell side should be considered. This may involve removable baffles, inspection ports, or other features that allow for inspection and cleaning without dismantling the exchanger.
At Zhejiang Tiansheng Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., we specialize in manufacturing and supplying high-quality fixed tube sheet heat exchangers tailored to meet the specific needs of our clients. Our extensive experience and cutting-edge technology enable us to produce units that not only meet industry standards but also exceed expectations in terms of performance, durability, and cost-effectiveness.
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